{"id":8744,"date":"2023-03-21T10:00:38","date_gmt":"2023-03-21T13:00:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vriic.usach.cl\/?p=8744"},"modified":"2023-06-02T14:13:29","modified_gmt":"2023-06-02T17:13:29","slug":"impact-of-oat-husk-derived-biochar-in-the-anaerobic-mono-digestion-of-swine-manure-and-slaughterhouse-wastewater","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vriic.usach.cl\/index.php\/impact-of-oat-husk-derived-biochar-in-the-anaerobic-mono-digestion-of-swine-manure-and-slaughterhouse-wastewater\/","title":{"rendered":"Impact of oat husk-derived biochar in the anaerobic mono-digestion of swine manure and slaughterhouse wastewater"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Nombre del proyecto:<\/strong> Impact of oat husk-derived biochar in the anaerobic mono-digestion of swine manure and slaughterhouse wastewater: Microbial community and techno-economic analysis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Investigadora a cargo:<\/strong> Dra. Jhosan\u00e9 Pag\u00e9s D\u00edaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Departamento:<\/strong> Ingenier\u00eda Qu\u00edmica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tipo de proyecto: <\/strong>FONDECYT INICIACI\u00d3N.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Resumen del proyecto:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En Chile, solo el 0,3% de la matriz energ\u00e9tica primaria proviene del biog\u00e1s. Sin embargo, existe una gran cantidad de residuos biodegradables generados por las actividades agroindustriales que actualmente no se aprovechan y que pueden usarse para la producci\u00f3n de biog\u00e1s, especialmente los derivados de la industria c\u00e1rnica. El esti\u00e9rcol porcino es principalmente una mezcla de heces, orina y agua con una alta concentraci\u00f3n de materia org\u00e1nica, nitr\u00f3geno, f\u00f3sforo, potasio y algunos metales pesados, lo que provoca desequilibrio ecol\u00f3gico, eutrofizaci\u00f3n y desoxigenaci\u00f3n en cuerpos de agua con una cantidad considerable de gases de efecto invernadero. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Otro de los residuos t\u00edpicos generados por la industria c\u00e1rnica son las aguas residuales de los mataderos. Los efluentes de mataderos se caracterizan por su composici\u00f3n compleja debido a los altos niveles de materia org\u00e1nica, grasas, sangre, fibras, rumen, prote\u00ednas, nutrientes, pat\u00f3genos y detergentes utilizados para las actividades de limpieza, siendo hoy en d\u00eda una gran preocupaci\u00f3n por la gran cantidad de efluentes generado. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Para hacer frente a estos residuos, la digesti\u00f3n anaer\u00f3bica (DA) se ha propuesto como una soluci\u00f3n adecuada para reducir la contaminaci\u00f3n ambiental y, al mismo tiempo, proporcionar energ\u00eda en forma de biog\u00e1s. Sin embargo, debido al alto contenido de prote\u00ednas y l\u00edpidos en estos materiales, su utilizaci\u00f3n a escala industrial a menudo se ve limitada por largos per\u00edodos de adaptaci\u00f3n, largos tiempos de retenci\u00f3n, actividad microbiana reducida e inhibici\u00f3n debida al nitr\u00f3geno y a los \u00e1cidos grasos vol\u00e1tiles de cadena larga (LCFA), lo que con lleva a varios problemas operativos con un impacto significativo en el costo, la econom\u00eda y la eficiencia del proceso. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

El biochar es un material que se puede producir a partir de una amplia variedad de materias primas de bajo costo a trav\u00e9s del proceso de pir\u00f3lisis y ha demostrado tener un gran potencial para mejorar el proceso de DA debido a su capacidad de intercambio cati\u00f3nico y su alta porosidad que se puede utilizar como veh\u00edculo para el enriquecimiento microbiano promoviendo la transferencia de electrones entre especies. Sin embargo, la mayor\u00eda de los estudios se han centrado en lodos de depuradora o sustratos f\u00e1ciles de degradar en comparaci\u00f3n con las prote\u00ednas y los l\u00edpidos. La adici\u00f3n de biochar a la DA de materiales ricos en prote\u00ednas y l\u00edpidos ha recibido poca atenci\u00f3n y, de hecho, puede ser una opci\u00f3n prometedora para superar los problemas planteados por el amon\u00edaco y los LCFA. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Este proyecto propone evaluar el impacto de biochar de c\u00e1scara de avena en la mono-digesti\u00f3n anaer\u00f3bica de esti\u00e9rcol porcino y aguas residuales de mataderos en t\u00e9rminos de producci\u00f3n de metano, biodegradaci\u00f3n, estabilidad a largo plazo, comunidad microbiana, as\u00ed como la viabilidad econ\u00f3mica de la propuesta. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Con base en los antecedentes anteriores y en los problemas no resueltos relacionados con la digesti\u00f3n anaer\u00f3bica, las principales hip\u00f3tesis de trabajo propuestas son: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hip\u00f3tesis 1: si se establecen las dosis y el tama\u00f1o de part\u00edcula adecuados de biochar de c\u00e1scara de avena, entonces ser\u00e1 posible aumentar la producci\u00f3n de metano y la eficiencia de eliminaci\u00f3n de DQO de la mono-digesti\u00f3n anaerobia de purines porcinos y aguas residuales de matadero en al menos un 30% y un 60%, respectivamente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hip\u00f3tesis 2: El uso de biochar de c\u00e1scara de avena en la operaci\u00f3n a largo plazo de los reactores UASB que tratan el esti\u00e9rcol porcino y las aguas residuales de los mataderos puede mejorar la estabilidad y el rendimiento del proceso con una comunidad microbiana m\u00e1s robusta en comparaci\u00f3n con un sistema sin adici\u00f3n de biochar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hip\u00f3tesis 3: El uso de biochar de c\u00e1scara de avena en la DA de esti\u00e9rcol porcino y aguas residuales de mataderos puede ser econ\u00f3micamente factible a escala industrial. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

El tema propuesto es de gran relevancia en el campo de la gesti\u00f3n de residuos, valorizaci\u00f3n energ\u00e9tica y protecci\u00f3n del medio ambiente. Estos tres sectores son vitales para el desarrollo sostenible de Chile, contribuyendo a que el pa\u00eds avance hacia una econom\u00eda baja en carbono, m\u00e1s limpia y circular. Por lo tanto, se debe fomentar la investigaci\u00f3n en estos campos.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nombre del proyecto: Impact of oat husk-derived biochar in the anaerobic mono-digestion of swine manure and slaughterhouse wastewater: Microbial community and techno-economic analysis. Investigadora a cargo: Dra. Jhosan\u00e9 Pag\u00e9s D\u00edaz. Departamento: Ingenier\u00eda […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8772,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[83,82,87],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8744","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agua","category-investigaciones-usach","category-medio-ambiente"],"yoast_head":"\nImpact of oat husk-derived biochar in the anaerobic mono-digestion of swine manure and slaughterhouse wastewater - VRIIC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/vriic.usach.cl\/index.php\/impact-of-oat-husk-derived-biochar-in-the-anaerobic-mono-digestion-of-swine-manure-and-slaughterhouse-wastewater\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Impact of oat husk-derived biochar in the anaerobic mono-digestion of swine manure and slaughterhouse wastewater - VRIIC\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Nombre del proyecto: Impact of oat husk-derived biochar in the anaerobic mono-digestion of swine manure and slaughterhouse wastewater: Microbial community and techno-economic analysis. 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